Background

My TrueNAS has some performance headroom, so I'm thinking of deploying a web service. I want to install a control panel to reduce manual work. Considering the performance overhead of virtual machines, the high memory requirements for ZFS cache, and the fact that the NAS itself isn't very powerful, I decided to use Docker for deployment. Furthermore, since 1Panel itself is distributed as a Docker image, both systems controlling the TrueNAS host's Docker daemon is essentially equivalent to deploying websites directly on the TrueNAS host, making management easier.

Analysis

Environment Information

Storage Pool

There are two storage pools:

1. /mnt/data: 1 x MIRROR | 2 wide | 2.73 TiB | HDD
2. /mnt/systemdata: 1 x DISK | 1 wide | 223.57 GiB | SSD

Docker data is stored in storage pool #2.

Datasets

There are three datasets:

• Storage: Located in the data storage pool, stores cold data.
• DockerData: Located in the systemdata storage pool, stores persistent data for containers.
• KaguraiYoRoy: Located in systemdata, the user's home directory.

Installing 1Panel

Used the moelin/1panel:latest image for deployment. Many parts of this process can refer to the README written by the image author. Project address: okxlin/docker-1panel

Created a folder specifically for storing 1Panel data within the DockerData dataset, which is used as /opt/1panel inside the container, located at /mnt/systemdata/DockerData/1panel.

Persistent Volumes

• To allow 1Panel to manage the host's Docker, map /var/run/docker.sock and the host's Docker directory.
• Map the data folder created for it earlier.

The Docker directory in TrueNAS is different from typical Linux systems. Typically, it's at /var/lib/docker, but in TrueNAS, it's at /mnt/.ix-apps/docker.

Environment Variables and Port Mapping

The environment variables are the same as those set by the image author, passing TZ=Asia/Shanghai. Port mapping can be set as needed; the container's port is 10086.

Docker Compose

With the above information, writing the Docker Compose file becomes straightforward.
The complete Docker Compose file is as follows:

services:
  1panel:
    dns:
      - 223.5.5.5
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    image: moelin/1panel:latest
    labels:
      createdBy: Apps
    ports:
      - '8085:10086'
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - /mnt/.ix-apps/docker:/var/lib/docker
      - /mnt/systemdata/DockerData/1panel/opt:/opt/1panel
      - /mnt/systemdata/DockerData/1panel/root:/root
      - /etc/docker:/etc/docker

Mapping /root is because I need to run Git inside the container, and Git config is stored under /root.
Setting DNS is because 1Panel needs to download data online when building environment images, and errors occur without specifying DNS.

After installation, access the port you set.

1Panel Basic Information:

• Default Username: 1panel
• Default Password: 1panel_password
• Default Entrance: entrance

Troubleshooting

Docker Mirror

During testing, it was found that without setting a mirror source, even with a Proxy configured, installing the PHP environment would fail. Furthermore, configuring both a mirror source and a Proxy also led to installation failure; the reason is unclear. Open /etc/docker/daemon.json on TrueNAS and add registry-mirrors:

{
	"data-root": "/mnt/.ix-apps/docker",
	"default-address-pools": [
		{
			"base": "172.17.0.0/12",
			"size": 24
		}
	],
	"exec-opts": [
		"native.cgroupdriver=cgroupfs"
	],
	"iptables": true,
	"registry-mirrors": [
		"https://docker.1panel.live"
	],
	"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}

Save the file, restart the host's Docker service, then try installing the environment in 1Panel again.

Containers Created by 1Panel Fail to Start

This is because in 1Panel, the default folder for storing data is the mapped /opt/1panel. However, the containers actually run on the TrueNAS host and try to access /opt/1panel, which doesn't exist on TrueNAS by default, and its /opt is read-only by default. This causes a "Read-only filesystem" error when starting containers.

My solution is straightforward: On the TrueNAS host, first remount /opt as read-write, then create a symbolic link pointing to 1Panel's data folder.

cd /opt
mount -o remount,rw /opt
ln -s /mnt/systemdata/DockerData/1panel/opt 1panel

After this, it should work normally.

One thing to note: When installing OpenResty in 1Panel, remember to avoid using ports 80 and 443, as these are the default ports for the TrueNAS web UI.